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plunge pool
A plunge pool (or plunge basin or waterfall lake) is a depression at the base of a waterfall created by the erosional force of falling water and rocks where it lands.〔Marshak, Stephen, 2009, ''Essentials of Geology,'' W. W. Norton & Company, 3rd ed. ISBN 978-0393196566〕
==Formation==
Plunge pools are formed under the force of a natural source, such as a waterfall or rapids, but also as the result of scour from man-made objects such as spillways and bridge abutments and are often very deep. The swirling water, sometimes carrying rocks within it, erodes the riverbed into a basin, often featuring irregular and rough sides. Plunge pools can remain after the waterfall has ceased to exist or the stream has been diverted.
Plunge pools are erosional features which occur in the youthful stage of a river. When soft rock has been eroded back to a knickpoint, water constantly bombards its base. Because this rock is often less dense than surrounding strata, the water from the higher grade continues eroding downward.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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